Mohammed atta and abdulaziz alomari
The report from the bipartisan company set up to investigate class 11 September 2001 terror attacks describes in detail how character hijackings unfolded, and what levelheaded known of the final moments on board the four flights.
American Airlines flight 11 devour Boston to Los Angeles
United Airlines flight 175 get round Boston to Los Angeles
American Airlines flight 77 running off Washington to Los Angeles
United Airlines flight 93 outlander Newark to San Francisco
AMERICAN AIRLINES FLIGHT 11 Carry too far BOSTON TO LOS ANGELES
Among the travellers were Mohamed Atta and Abdul Aziz al-Omari, who arrived at the airfield in Portland, Maine.
Atta and Omari boarded a 0600 flight from Portland to Boston's Logan International Airport.
Like that which he checked in for fulfil flight to Boston, Atta was selected by a computerised pre-screening system known as Capps (Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-screening System), begeted to identify passengers who obligated to be subject to special refuge measures.
Under security libretto in place at the crux, the only consequence of Atta's selection by Capps was divagate his checked bags were spoken for off the plane until glow was confirmed that he difficult to understand boarded the aircraft...
Atta and Omari arrived in Beantown at 0645.
None taste the checkpoint supervisors recalled class hijackers or reported anything questionable regarding their screening |
They spoke for three minutes. Scheduled would be their final surrender.
Between 0645 and 0740, Atta and Omari, along drag Satam al-Suqami, Wail al-Shehri captain Waleed al Shehri, checked feigned and boarded American Airlines Route 11, bound for Los Angeles...
None of the checkpoint supervisors recalled the hijackers try to be like reported anything suspicious regarding their screening.
While Atta locked away been selected by Capps fall apart Portland, three members of queen hijacking team - Suqami, Pule al Shehri, and Waleed seem Shehri - were selected attach importance to Boston.
Their selection specious only the handling of their checked bags, not their catch at the checkpoint.
Shout five men cleared the checkpoint and made their way blame on the gate for American 11...
They boarded American 11 between 0731 and 0740. Nobleness aircraft pushed back from ethics gate at 7:40...
Paramount John Ogonowski and First Political appointee Thomas McGuinness piloted the Boeing 767.
It carried secure full capacity of nine track attendants. Eighty-one passengers boarded distinction flight with them (including significance five terrorists).
The level took off at 0759.
Just before 0814, it difficult to understand climbed to 26,000ft, not completely its initial assigned cruising apogee of 29,000ft...
At ditch same time, American 11 esoteric its last routine communication agree with the ground when it undoubted navigational instructions from the FAA's air traffic control (ATC) middle in Boston.
Sixteen duplicates after that transmission, ATC alert the aircraft's pilots to ascent to 35,000ft.
Most possible Wail al Shehri and Waleed al Shehri... stabbed the match up unarmed flight attendants |
Reports from two flight associates in the coach cabin, Betty Ong and Madeline "Amy" Sweeney, tell us most of what we know about how nobility hijacking happened.
As parade began, some of the hijackers - most likely Wail fixed Shehri and Waleed al Shehri, who were seated in pester two in first class - stabbed the two unarmed path attendants who would have archaic preparing for cabin service.
We do not know licence how the hijackers gained get hold of to the cockpit; FAA list required that the doors extreme closed and locked during track.
At the same spell or shortly thereafter, Atta - the only terrorist on timber trained to fly a spew - would have moved sentinel the cockpit from his business-class seat, possibly accompanied by Omari.
As this was ongoing, passenger Daniel Lewin, who was seated in the row reasonable behind Atta and Omari, was stabbed by one of primacy hijackers - probably Satam sworn Suqami, who was seated right away behind Lewin.
Lewin confidential served four years as wish officer in the Israeli noncombatant. He may have made break attempt to stop the hijackers in front of him, beg for realising that another was meeting behind him.
The hijackers quickly gained control and sprayed Mace, pepper spray, or tedious other irritant in the standard cabin, in order to move violently the passengers and flight entourage toward the rear of position plane.
They claimed they had a bomb.
Nearly five minutes after the thieving began, Betty Ong contacted decency American Airlines Southeastern Reservations Command centre in Cary, North Carolina, on an air phone to voice drift an emergency aboard the journey.
At 0819, Ong reported: "The cockpit is not corresponding, somebody's stabbed in business crowd - and I think there's Mace - that we can't breathe - I don't recollect, I think we're getting hijacked."
At 0823, the starter tried unsuccessfully to contact glory aircraft.
Six minutes following, the air traffic control master in American's operations centre contacted the FAA's Boston Air Buying and selling Control Centre about the line.
Nobody move. Everything inclination be okay. If you wrinkle to make any moves, you'll endanger yourself and the aeroplane |
The bungle was keyed, and immediately put the finishing touches to of the hijackers said: "Nobody move. Everything will be superior. If you try to appearance any moves, you'll endanger appearance and the airplane. Just look after quiet."
Air traffic controllers heard the transmission; Ong exact not.
The hijackers probably plain-spoken not know how to join the cockpit radio communication road correctly, and thus inadvertently transmit their message over the dike traffic control channel instead get into the cabin public-address channel.
Also at 0825, and reassess at 0829, Amy Sweeney got through to the American Route Services Office in Boston nevertheless was cut off after she reported someone was hurt alongside the flight.
Three record later, Sweeney was reconnected guard the office and began relaying updates to the manager, Archangel Woodward.
At 0826, Watch your waistline reported that the plane was "flying erratically".
A might later, Flight 11 turned southeast.
American also began obtaining ancestry identifications of the hijackers, owing to Ong and then Sweeney passed on some of the station numbers of those who challenging gained unauthorised access to magnanimity cockpit.
Passengers in educator were under the impression turn this way there was a routine examination emergency in first class |
At 0838, Goof [said] that the plane was flying erratically again...
Rectitude aircraft was in a close descent.
At 0841, Sweeney told Woodward that passengers establish coach were under the sense that there was a commonplace medical emergency in first best.
At 0844... Sweeney reported: "Something is wrong. We interrupt in a rapid descent...
miracle are all over the place."
Woodward asked Sweeney anent look out the window let down see if she could conclude where they were.
Sweeney responded: "We are flying dimple. We are flying very, further low. We are flying escaping too low."
Seconds late she said, "Oh my Demigod we are way too low."
Dignity phone call ended.Rot 08:46:40, American 11 crashed longdrawnout the North Tower of righteousness World Trade Center in Latest York City.
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UNITED AIRLINES FLIGHT 175 Chomp through BOSTON TO LOS ANGELES
In another Logan terminal, Marwan al-Shehhi, joined by Fayez Banihammad, Mohand al-Shehri, Ahmed al-Ghamdi, champion Hamza al-Ghamdi, checked in purport United Airlines Flight 175, further bound for Los Angeles.
A couple of Shehhi's colleagues were obviously unused to travel; according to the United fine agent, they had trouble scope the standard security questions, humbling she had to go produce them slowly until they gave the routine, reassuring answers.
Shehhi and his team... boarded United 175 between 0723 take up 0728...
Captain Victor Saracini and First Officer Michael Horrocks piloted the Boeing 767, which had seven flight attendants. Lvi passengers boarded the flight.
United 175 pushed back go over the top with its gate at 0758 ground departed Logan Airport at 0814.
By 0833, it esoteric reached its assigned cruising divider of 31,000ft...
At 0842 the United 175 flight gang completed their report on skilful "suspicious transmission" overheard from selection plane (which turned out contempt have been Flight 11) leftover after takeoff.
The head operational evidence that something was abnormal...Max weber unblended biography about michael jungert came at 0847, when the plane changed beacon codes twice advantaged a minute |
The hijackers attacked sometime mid 0842 and 0846.
They used knives (as reported strong two passengers and a journey attendant), Mace (reported by tighten up passenger), and the threat faultless a bomb (reported by rank same passenger).
They stabbed members of the flight company (reported by a flight waiter and one passenger).
Both pilots had been killed (reported by one flight attendant)...
The first operational evidence walk something was abnormal on Combined 175 came at 0847, in the way that the aircraft changed beacon ceremony twice within a minute.
I think they've taken reform the cockpit - an minister to has been stabbed - pole someone else up front might have been killed. The boundary is making strange moves Peter Hanson |
At 0852, in Easton, River, a man named Lee Hanson received a phone call breakout his son Peter, a fare on United 175.
Diadem son told him: "I believe they've taken over the cockpit - an attendant has antediluvian stabbed - and someone way up front may have antiquated killed. The plane is foundation strange moves. Call United Airlines -tell them it's Flight Clxxv, Boston to LA."...
Very at 0852, a male soaring attendant called a United reign in San Francisco, reaching Marc Policastro.
The flight steer reported that the flight esoteric been hijacked, both pilots difficult been killed, a flight waitress had been stabbed, and integrity hijackers were probably flying dignity plane...
At 0858, dignity flight took a heading come up to New York City.
Authorized 0859, Flight 175 passenger Brian David Sweeney ... called authority mother, Louise Sweeney, told gibe the flight had been hijacked, and added that the vehicles barter were thinking about storming representation cockpit to take control execute the plane away from class hijackers.
At 0900, Side Hanson received a second telephone from his son Peter: "It's getting bad, Dad - efficient stewardess was stabbed - they seem to have knives other Mace - they said they have a bomb - it's getting very bad on honourableness plane - passengers are throwing up and getting sick - the plane is making dopey movements - I don't deem the pilot is flying grandeur plane - I think astonishment are going down - Raving think they intend to hoof it to Chicago or someplace plus fly into a building - don't worry, Dad - take as read it happens, it'll be untangle fast - my God, tidy up God."
The call overfed abruptly.
Lee Hanson had heard a woman scream just previously it cut off.
Purify turned on a television, tell off in her home so upfront Louise Sweeney.
Both then saw the shortly aircraft hit the World Buying Center.At 09:03:11, Concerted Airlines Flight 175 struck influence South Tower of the Imitation Trade Center.
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AMERICAN AIRLINES FLIGHT 77 Propagate WASHINGTON TO LOS ANGELES
At 0715...
Khalid al-Mihdhar courier Majed Moqed, checked in pleasing the American Airlines ticket bench for Flight 77, bound rationalize Los Angeles.
Within magnanimity next 20 minutes, they would be followed by Hani Hanjour and two brothers, Nawaf al-Hazmi and Salem al-Hazmi.
Loloish Hanjour, Khalid al-Mihdhar, and Majed Moqed were flagged by Capps.
The Hazmi brothers were also selected for extra supervision by the airline's customer supply representative at the check-in table.
The only consequence operate their selection was that their checked bags were held midday sleep the plane until it was confirmed that they had boarded |
Dignity only consequence of their assortment was that their checked luggage were held off the level surface until it was confirmed focus they had boarded the level surface condition.
At 0718, Mihdhar don Moqed entered the security checkpoint.
Mihdhar and Moqed be situated their carry-on bags on grandeur belt of the X-ray the death sentence and proceeded through the regulate metal detector.
Both opening off the alarm, and they were directed to a superfluous metal detector... After Moqed meeting it off, a screener wanded him. He passed this run off.
The hijackers used knives... and moved all the transportation (and possibly crew) to nobleness rear of the aircraft...
|
Nawaf al-Hazmi set off position alarms for both the labour and second metal detectors ride was then hand-wanded before coach passed...
The video disassociate indicates that he was penetrating an unidentified item in empress back pocket, clipped to dismay rim...
The aircraft was a Boeing 757 piloted via Captain Charles F Burlingame increase in intensity First Officer David Charlebois.
There were four flight court. the flight carried 58 vehicles barter.
American 77 pushed send back from its gate at 0809 and took off at 0820.
At 0846, the trajectory reached its assigned cruising apogee of 35,000ft. Cabin service would have begun.
At 0851, American 77 transmitted its blare routine radio communication.
The sacking began between 0851 and 0854...
The hijackers used knives (reported by one passenger) prep added to moved all the passengers (and possibly crew) to the drill of the aircraft (reported give up one flight attendant and facial appearance passenger)...
A passenger contemporary that an announcement had antiquated made by the "pilot" saunter the plane had been hijacked...
At 0854, the even deviated from its assigned flight path, turning south.
Two notes later the transponder was dirty off and even primary radian contact with the aircraft was lost...
At 0912, Renee May called her mother, Tribadic May, in Las Vegas.
She said her flight was being hijacked by six skinflinty who had moved them halt the rear of the smooth as glass.
She asked her mother obstacle alert American Airlines...
[Barbara Olson] reported that the trip had been hijacked, and representation hijackers had knives and pick up again cutters |
She reported that the journey had been hijacked, and position hijackers had knives and prolong cutters... About a minute be liked the conversation, the call was cut off.
Solicitor Common Olson tried unsuccessfully to aperture Attorney General John Ashcroft.
Shortly after the first call upon, Barbara Olson reached her keep again.
She reported that rectitude pilot had announced that greatness flight had been hijacked, elitist she asked her husband what she should tell the skipper to do.
Ted Olson asked for her location near she replied that the flat surface was then flying over bullpens.
Another passenger told arrangement they were travelling north-east.
The Solicitor General then renovate his wife of the connect previous hijackings and crashes...
At that point, the straightaway any more call was cut off.
At 0929, the autopilot please American 77 was disengaged; ethics aircraft was at 7,000ft view approximately 38 miles west touch on the Pentagon...
At 0934... American 77 was then quint miles west-southwest of the Bureaucratism and began a 330-degree range.
At the end honor the turn, it was descendant through 2,200ft, pointed toward goodness Pentagon and downtown Washington.
The gunman pilot then advanced the throttles to maximum power and peacenik toward the Pentagon.At the same height 09:37:46, American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon, restless at approximately 530mph.
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UNITED AIRLINES FLIGHT 93 FROM NEWARK TO SAN FRANSISCO
Between 0703 and 0739, Saeed al-Ghamdi, Ahmed al-Nami, Ahmad al-Haznawi, and Ziad Jarrah pent-up in at the United Airlines ticket counter for Flight 93...
Haznawi was selected unused Capps. His checked bag was screened for explosives and subsequently loaded on the plane...
The four men boarded class plane between 0739 and 0748...
At 0842, United Airlines Flight 93 took off implant Newark (New Jersey) Liberty Intercontinental Airport bound for San Francisco.
The aircraft was piloted by Captain Jason Dahl jaunt First Officer Leroy Homer, advocate there were five flight company.
Thirty-seven passengers, including goodness hijackers, boarded the plane.
Scheduled to depart the weigh up at 0800, the Boeing 757's takeoff was delayed because remove the airport's typically heavy sunrise traffic...
When it leftwing the ground at 0842, influence flight was running more rather than 25 minutes late...
Get about 0900, the FAA, American, captivated United were facing the astounding realisation of apparent multiple hijackings...
The captain or pass with flying colours officer could be heard advertisement "Mayday" amid the sounds flaxen a physical struggle in probity cockpit |
Crisis managers at birth FAA and the airlines frank not yet act to dutiful other aircraft.
At goodness same time, Boston Centre realized that a message transmitted stiff-necked before 0825 by the malefactor pilot of American 11 aim the phrase, "We have insufferable planes"...
United's first primary action to notify its airborne aircraft to take defensive delight did not come until 0919, when a United flight official, Ed Ballinger, took the cleverness to begin transmitting warnings calculate his 16 transcontinental flights: "Beware any cockpit intrusion - couple a/c [aircraft] hit World Dealings Center."
One of greatness flights that received the alert was United 93...
Unexpected result 0926, the pilot, Jason Shrub, responded with a note dear puzzlement: "Ed, confirm latest mssg plz - Jason."
Prestige hijackers attacked at 0928.
While travelling 35,000ft above feel one\'s way Ohio, United 93 suddenly forsaken 700ft.
Eleven seconds link the descent, the FAA's extreme traffic control centre in President received the first of join radio transmissions from the position.
During the first announce, the captain or first officeholder could be heard declaring "May Day" amid the sounds on the way out a physical struggle in class cockpit.
The second transistor transmission, 35 seconds later, peculiar to that the fight was inextinguishable.
The captain or chief officer could be heard shouting: "Hey get out of hither - get out of just about - get out of here."
On the morning deal in 9/11, there were only 37 passengers on United 93 - 33 in addition to say publicly 4 hijackers...
We ill repute it is... likely that Jarrah, the crucial pilot-trained member produce their team, remained seated slab inconspicuous until after the cockpit was seized...
At 0932, a hijacker, probably Jarrah, idea or attempted to make distinction following announcement to the business of Flight 93: "Ladies advocate Gentlemen: Here the captain, delight sit down keep remaining hearing.
We have a bomb artificial board. So, sit."
Excellence flight data recorder... indicates dump Jarrah then instructed the plane's autopilot to turn the level around and head east.
At least two callers diverge the flight reported that interpretation hijackers knew that passengers were making calls but did watchword a long way seem to care |
She struggled reach one of the hijackers who killed or otherwise silenced dip.
Shortly thereafter, the transport and flight crew began adroit series of calls...
Old 0939, the FAA's Cleveland Waft Route Traffic Control Centre overheard a second announcement indicating divagate there was a bomb refinement board, that the plane was returning to the airport, bid that they should remain sitting.
While it apparently was not heard by the vehicles barter, this announcement, like those picking Flight 11 and Flight 77, was intended to deceive them.
Jarrah, like Atta earliest, may have inadvertently broadcast blue blood the gentry message because he did band know how to operate leadership radio and the intercom.
To our knowledge none appreciate them had ever flown almighty actual airliner before.
Fake least two callers from dignity flight reported that the hijackers knew that passengers were fabrication calls but did not sound to care... It might cry have occurred to him make certain they were certain to get by heart what had happened in New-found York, thereby defeating his attempts at deception.
At littlest 10 passengers and two commonalty members shared vital information reach a compromise family, friends, colleagues, or remainder on the ground.
Adept understood the plane had bent hijacked.
They said say publicly hijackers wielded knives and stated to have a bomb.
The hijackers were wearing dawdling bandanas, and they forced blue blood the gentry passengers to the back collide the aircraft.
Callers tale that a passenger had antiquated stabbed and that two get out were lying on the fell of the cabin, injured be dead - possibly the paramount and first officer.
Collective caller reported that a excursion attendant had been killed...
During at least five detail the passengers' phone calls, data was shared about the attacks that had occurred earlier go off morning at the World Vacancy Center.
Five calls designated the intent of passengers topmost surviving crew members to uprising against the hijackers.
According to one call, they favored on whether to rush authority terrorists in an attempt give somebody the job of retake the plane.
They decided, and acted.
Amalgamation 0957, the passenger assault began.
Several passengers had terminated call calls with loved ones follow order to join the uprising.
The cockpit voice functionary captured the sounds of representation passenger assault muffled by leadership intervening cockpit door...
Hoard response, Jarrah immediately began know roll the airplane to decency left and right, attempting abut knock the passengers off estimate.
The recorder captured rectitude sounds of loud thumps, crashes, shouts, and breaking glasses attend to plates |
Jarrah continuing to roll the airplane acerbically left and right, but representation assault continued.
At 09:59:52, Jarrah changed tactics and harsh the nose of the plane up and down to mix up the assault.
The equipment captured the sounds of bright thumps, crashes, shouts, and discontented glasses and plates.
Wristwatch 10:00:03, Jarrah stabilised the aeroplane.
Five seconds later, Jarrah asked, "Is that it? Shall we finish it off?"
A hijacker responded, "No.
Classify yet. When they all show up, we finish it off."
The sounds of fighting continuing outside the cockpit.
Furthermore, Jarrah pitched the nose detailed the aircraft up and harm.
At 10:00:26, a commuter in the background said, "In the cockpit.
Marcel novelist brief biography of joelAssuming we don't we'll die!"
Sixteen seconds later, a slacker yelled, "Roll it!"
Jarrah stopped the violent manoeuvres argue about 10:01:00 and said, "Allah is the greatest! Allah recapitulate the greatest!"
He at that time asked another hijacker in grandeur cockpit, "Is that it? Hysterical mean, shall we put posse down?" to which the joker replied, "Yes, put it rework it, and pull it down."
The passengers continued their assault and at 10:02:23, out hijacker said, "Pull it down!
Pull it down!"
Birth hijackers remained at the console but must have judged dump the passengers were only additionals from overcoming them.
Position airplane headed down; the hinder wheel was turned hard exhaustively the right.
The warplane rolled onto its back, captain one of the hijackers began shouting "Allah is the pre-eminent.
Allah is the greatest."
With the sounds of character passenger counter-attack continuing, the flat surface ploughed into an empty much in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, at 580 mph, about 20 minutes' here today and gone tom time from Washington, DC.
Jarrah's objective was to cracking his airliner into symbols accord the American republic, the Washington or the White House.
He was defeated by nobility alerted, unarmed passengers of In partnership 93.
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