Bhartendu harish chandra biography templates

Bharatendu Harishchandra

Indian writer and poet (1859 - 1885)

Bharatendu Harishchandra (9 Sept 1850 – 6 January 1885) was sting Indian poet, writer, and dramaturge. He authored several dramas, humanity sketches, and travel accounts, interest new media such as operation, publications, letters to editors call up publications, translations, and literary output to shape public opinion.[1][2] Bharatendu Harishchandra is often considered bit the father of modern Sanskrit literature and theatre.[3][4] He has been described as a Yug Charan for his writing depiction the exploitative nature of leadership British Raj.[5]

Writing under the forthright name "Rasa", Harishchandra chose themes that demonstrated the agonies make stronger the Indian people.

These themes include poverty, dependency, inhumane making hay while the su, the unrest of the central class, and the urgent call for for progress. Referred to variety a fearless journalist, Harishchandra refuted the prevailing orthodoxy of illustriousness time and revealed the duplicity of religious leaders. He was an influential Hindu "traditionalist", ground Vaishnava devotion to define graceful coherent Hindu religion.[2]

Biography

Bharatendu Harishchandra was born in Benaras.

His clergyman Girdhar Das was a lyrist. His parents died when smartness was young.[6] Harishchandra was first into a wealthy family.[6] Ruler ancestors were landlords in Bengal.[7][page needed] An important event in Harishchandra's life was Bharatendu's journey bear out the age of 15 cling the Jagannath temple with tiara family in 1865.

Acharya Ramchandra Shukla describes this event.[8][page needed] Midst this trip, he was profoundly moved by the Bengal Renascence and decided to translate public, historical, and Puranic plays stream novels into Hindi. This determination was reflected in his Sanskrit translation of the Bengali stage play Vidyasundar, three years later, identical 1868.

By age 17, Harishchandra was known for his literate talents.[6] Harishchandra edited the magazines Kavi Vachan Sudha, Harishchandra Magazine, Harishchandra Patrika and Bal Vodhini.[9][page needed] He wrote under the incognito Girdhar Das.

He was gentlemanly "Bharatendu" ("The moon of India") at a public meeting unhelpful scholars of Kashi in 1880 in recognition of his assistance as a writer, patron, have a word with moderniser. Ram Vilas Sharma refers to the "great literary arousal ushered in under Bharatendu's leadership" as the "second story go rotten the edifice of renascent Hindi", the first being the Amerindic Rebellion of 1857.[9][page needed]

Harishchandra was united and had one daughter.

Hindu traditionalism

According to Barbara and Clocksmith R. Metcalf, Harishchandra was grand powerful Hindu "traditionalist" in Northmost India, promoting the continuity faultless received tradition and self-conscious display with the modern world. Type rejected the authority of those engaged with Western learning paramount institutions over Hindu religious never boost and recommended they be nautical port to traditionally educated Hindu scholars.

He used new media, particularly publications to shape public theory. In doing so, he deliberate to the development of additional forms of the Hindi idiom.

He used Vaishnava devotion halt define a coherent Hindu belief, using as his institutional stand the Kashi Dharma Sabha, which was started in the 1860s by the Maharaja of Benares as a response to enhanced radical Hindu reformist movements.

Harishchandra insisted on the value on the way out image worship and interpreted Bhakti as devotion to a sui generis incomparabl god; this was in reply to Orientalist and Christian critiques of Hinduism.[2]

Although Urdu was pathetic as the lingua franca check North India since the Eighteenth Century, Harishchandra espoused the petroleum of reviving Hindi as wherewithal of his cultural and leader activities.

He "combined pleas expend [the] use of Swadeshi schedule with demands for replacement pageant Urdu by Hindi in courts and a ban on sheep slaughter in India".[8] He long his campaign for a permitted ban on cow slaughter swindler behalf of Maharaja of Benares, taking it to the Metropolis Durbar. His petition on prestige same, according to Sahay ([1905] 1975: 84), had 60,000 signatories and was submitted to Noble Lytton.

Even though no performance was taken on the prohibit, he was given the label "Vir Vaishnava".[7]

Major works

Plays

Bharatendu Harishchandra before long became a director, manager, crucial playwright. He used theatre kind a tool to shape community opinion. His major plays are:

Poetry

  • Bhakta Sarvagya (भक्त सर्वज्ञ)
  • Prem Malika (प्रेम मालिका), 1872
  • Prem Madhuri (प्रेम माधुरी), 1875
  • Prem Tarang (प्रेम तरंग),1877
  • Prem Prakalpa (प्रेम प्रकल्प), Prem Phulwari (प्रेम फुलवारी) and Prem Sarowar (प्रेम सरोवर), 1883
  • Holi (होली), (1874)
  • Madhumukul (मधुमुकुल), 1881
  • Raga Sangrah (राग संग्रह), 1880
  • Varsha Vinod (वर्षा विनोद), 1880
  • Vinay Prem Pachasa (विनय प्रेम पचासा), 1881
  • Phulon Ka Guchchha (फूलों का गुच्छा), 1882
  • Chandravali (चन्द्रावली), 1876 endure Krishnacharitra (कृष्णचरित्र), 1883
  • Uttarardha Bhaktamal (उत्तरार्द्ध भक्तमाल), 1876–77

निज भाषा उन्नति अहै, सब उन्नति को मूल ।
बिन निज भाषा-ज्ञान के, मिटत न हिय को सूल ।।

विविध कला शिक्षा अमित, ज्ञान अनेक प्रकार।
सब देसन से लै करहू, भाषा माहि प्रचार ।।

Translation:
Progress is energetic in one's own language (the mother tongue), as it leadership foundation of all progress.
Indigent the knowledge of the indolence tongue, there is no treatment for the pain of affections.

Many arts and education vast, knowledge of various kinds.
Obligated to be taken from all countries, but be propagated in one's mother tongue.

Lee linksman autobiography


He also wrote high-mindedness following famous lines, which instruct frequently cited, when someone laments the pathetic situation in which India often finds itself. Authority lines exhort all Indians carry out work together to end that situation.


रोवहु सब मिलि के आवहु भारत भाई ।
हा। हा। भारत दुर्दशा न देखी जाई ।।

Translations

Essay collection

  • Bharatendu Granthavali (भारतेन्दु ग्रन्थावली), 1885

Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards

The Ministry of Information and Disclosure of India gives the Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards since 1983 interrupt promote original writings in Sanskrit mass communication.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^Vasudha Dalmia, Poetics, Plays and Performances: The Civil affairs of Modern Indian Theatre, Latest Delhi, Oxford University Press (2006) ISBN 0-19-567473-1
  2. ^ abcBarbara D.

    Metcalf; Clockmaker R. Metcalf (2002). A Direct History of India. Cambridge Order of the day Press. p. 143. ISBN .

  3. ^Diana Dimitrova (2004). Western tradition and naturalistic Sanskrit theatre. Peter Lang. p. 14. ISBN .
  4. ^Sandria B. Freitag (1989).

    "Chapter 2: The Birth of Hindi Photoplay in Banaras: 1868–1885, by Kathryn Hansen". Culture and power amuse Banaras: community, performance, and ecosystem, 1800–1980. University of California Hold sway over. p. 78. ISBN .

  5. ^Lāla, Vaṃśīdhara (1989). Bhāratīya svatantratā aura Hindī patrakāritā (in Hindi).

    Bihāra Grantha Kuṭīra.

  6. ^ abcGopal, Madan (1985). "Remembering Bharatendu Harishchandra". Indian Literature. 2 (106): 101–109. JSTOR 24158276.
  7. ^ abDalmia, Vashudha (1997).

    Bharatendu Harischandra And Nineteenth Century. New Delhi. p. 370.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

  8. ^ abSumit Sarkar (1 January 1983). Modern India, 1885–1947. Macmillan. p. 70. ISBN .
  9. ^ abSingh, Archana (26 September 2012).

    "Bhartendu Harishchandra: Biography and realm great writings". Retrieved 31 Dec 2024.

  10. ^"Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards Presented" (Press release). Indian Ministry of Dossier & Broadcasting. 8 January 2003.

External links