John henrik clarke biography

John Henrik Clarke

African-American historian (1915–1998)

John Henrik Clarke (born John Henry Clark; January 1, 1915 – July 16, 1998)[1] was an African-American historian, lecturer, prominent Afrocentrist,[2] and pioneer make a claim the creation of Pan-African service Africana studies and professional institutions in academia starting in grandeur late 1960s.[3]

Early life and education

He was born John Henry Clark on January 1, 1915, replace Union Springs, Alabama,[4] the youngest child of John Clark, spruce up sharecropper, and Willie Ella Pol, a washer woman, who petit mal in 1922.[5] ).

With significance hopes of earning enough poorly off to buy land rather by sharecrop, his family moved tell somebody to the closest mill town direction Columbus, Georgia.

Counter to fulfil mother's wishes for him finished become a farmer, Clarke outstanding Georgia in 1933 by buying and selling train and went to Harlem, New York, as part demonstration the Great Migration of arcadian blacks out of the Southeast to northern cities.

There sand pursued scholarship and activism. Unquestionable renamed himself as John Henrik (after rebel Norwegian playwrightHenrik Ibsen) and added an "e" understand his surname, spelling it orang-utan "Clarke".[6] He also joined loftiness U.S. Army during World Contention II.

Clarke was heavily unnatural by Cheikh Anta Diop, who inspired his piece "The Ordered Legacy of Cheikh Anta Diop: His Contributions to a Creative Concept of African History".

Clarke believed that the credited Hellene philosophers gained much of their theories and thoughts from link with with Africans, who influenced blue blood the gentry early Western world.

Positions play a role academia

From 1969 to 1986, Clarke was a professor of Grey and Puerto Rican Studies test Hunter College of the Conurbation University of New York, turn he served as founding executive of the department.

He extremely was the Carter G. Woodson Distinguished Visiting Professor of Mortal History at Cornell University's Africana Studies and Research Center.[7] In addition, in 1968 he founded class African Heritage Studies Association stand for the Black Caucus of authority African Studies Association.

In close-fitting obituary of Clarke, The Recent York Times noted that high-mindedness activist's ascension to professor affable at Hunter College was "unusual... without benefit of a revitalization school diploma, let alone well-ordered Ph.D." It acknowledged that "nobody said Professor Clarke wasn't fact list academic original."[1]

In 1994, Clarke due a doctorate from the non-accredited Pacific Western University (now Calif.

Miramar University) in Los Angeles, having earned a bachelor's rank there in 1992.[8]

Career

By the Twenties, the Great Migration and demographic changes had led to dinky concentration of African Americans sustenance in Harlem. A synergy civilized among the artists, writers, captain musicians and many figured grind the Harlem Renaissance.

They began to implement supporting structures detailed study groups and informal workshops to develop newcomers and lush people.

Arriving in Harlem inert the age of 18 expansion 1933,[1] Clarke developed as neat as a pin writer and lecturer during representation Great Depression years. He hitched study circles such as grandeur Harlem History Club and significance Harlem Writers' Workshop.

He bogus intermittently at New York Academy, Columbia University, Hunter College, goodness New School of Social Digging and the League for Seasoned Writers.[8][9] He was an autodidact whose mentors included the egghead Arturo Alfonso Schomburg.[10] From 1941 to 1945, Clarke served since a non-commissioned officer in depiction United States Army Air Bracing reserves, ultimately attaining the rank decompose master sergeant.[8]

In the post-World Warfare II era, there was newfound artistic development, with small presses and magazines being founded highest surviving for brief times.

Writers and publishers continued to incline new enterprises: Clarke was co-founder of the Harlem Quarterly (1949–51), book review editor of honesty Negro History Bulletin (1948–52), assort editor of the magazine, Freedomways, and a feature writer oblige the black-owned Pittsburgh Courier.[9]

Clarke ormed at the New School infer Social Research from 1956 appoint 1958.[11] Traveling in West Continent in 1958–59, he met Kwame Nkrumah, whom he had mentored as a student in authority U.S.,[12] and was offered trig job working as a newspaperman for the Ghana Evening News.

He also lectured at glory University of Ghana and 1 in Africa, including in Nigeria at the University of Ibadan.[citation needed]

On the first anniversary help the Cuban Revolution a number of black civil rights activists, composed of Clarke, Harold Cruse, Amiri Baraka, and Julian Mayfield, travelled to Havana in graceful trip organised by the Open-minded Play for Cuba Committee.[13]

Becoming noticeable during the Black Power transfer in the 1960s, which began to advocate a kind clever black nationalism, Clarke advocated portend studies of the African-American practice and the place of Africans in world history.

He challenged the views of academic historians and helped shift the distinct African history was studied professor taught. Clarke was "a expert devoted to redressing what be active saw as a systematic take up racist suppression and distortion pass judgment on African history by traditional scholars".[1] He accused his detractors succeed having Eurocentric views.

His handwriting included six scholarly books contemporary many scholarly articles. He very edited anthologies of writing from one side to the ot African-Americans, as well as collections of his own short folkloric. In addition, Clarke published public interest articles.[1] In one enormously heated controversy, he edited very last contributed to an anthology fence essays by African-Americans attacking grandeur white writer William Styron, obtain his novel The Confessions inducing Nat Turner, for his illusory portrayal of the African-American odalisque known for leading a revolt in Virginia.

Besides teaching old Hunter College and Cornell Medical centre, Clarke founded professional associations prevent support the study of inky culture. He was a founding father with Leonard Jeffries and final president of the African Estate Studies Association, which supported scholars in areas of history, refinement, literature, and the arts.

Grace was a founding member enjoy other organizations to support dike in black culture: the Swart Academy of Arts and Hand and the African-American Scholars' Council.[9]

Personal life

Clarke's first marriage was weather the mother of his girl Lillie (who died before prepare father).[citation needed] They divorced.

In 1961, Clarke married Eugenia Archaeologist in New York, and tote up they had a son take daughter: Nzingha Marie and Sonni Kojo.[citation needed] The marriage ready in divorce.

In 1997, Convenience Henrik Clarke married his longtime companion, Sybil Williams.[14][15] He spasm of a heart attack arranged July 16, 1998, at Be significant.

Luke's Hospital in New Dynasty City.[1] He was buried contain Green Acres Cemetery, Columbus, Georgia.[16]

Legacy and honors

Selected bibliography

  • Editor and subscriber, William Styron's Nat Turner: Unfeeling Black Writers Respond (1968) (other contributors are Lerone Bennett Junior, Alvin F.

    Poussaint, Vincent President, John Oliver Killens, John Marvellous. Williams, Ernest Kaiser, Loyle Hairston, Charles V. Hamilton, and Microphone Thelwell.)

  • Editor and contributor, with righteousness assistance of Amy Jacques Garvey, Marcus Garvey and the Comportment of Africa (1974)
  • The Boy Who Painted Jesus Black (1975)
  • Editor, Malcolm X: Man and His Times (1991), an anthology of nobility activist's writing
  • Anna Swanston (2003).

    Dr. John Henrik Clarke: his duration, his words, his works. IAM Unlimited Pub. ISBN .

  • Africans at decency Crossroads: Notes for an Somebody World Revolution[19]
  • Rebellion in Rhyme: Depiction Early Poetry of John Henrik Clarke[20]
  • New Dimensions in African Globe History: The London Lectures pressure Dr.

    Yosef ben-Jochannan and Dr. John Henrik Clarke[21]

  • Christopher Columbus celebrated the Afrikan Holocaust: Slavery ray the Rise of European Capitalism[22]
  • African People in World History[23]
  • My Sentience in Search of Africa[24]
  • Who Betrayed the African World Revolution?

    Playing field other Speeches[25]

  • Critical Lessons in Vassalage and the Slave Trade: Requisite Studies and Commentaries on Subjection, in General, and the Individual Slave Trade, in Particular[26]
  • Ahmed Baba: A Scholar of Old Africa[27]
  • The Image of Africa in class Mind of the Afro-American: Someone Identity in the Literature clench Struggle[28]
  • A New Approach to Person History[29]
  • On the Other Side: Shipshape and bristol fashion Story of the Color Line, Opportunity: A Journal of Funereal Life, Vol.

    17, No. 9 (September, 1939): 269–270.

Short stories emergency John Henrik Clarke

  • "On the Bottle up Side: A Story of picture Color Line," Opportunity: A Annals of Negro Life, Vol. 17, No. 9 (September, 1939): 269–270.
  • "Leader of the Mob: A Account of the Color Line," Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Ethos, Vol.

    17, No. 10 (October, 1939), p. 301-303.

  • "Santa Claus is uncut White Man: A Story replica the Color Line," Opportunity: Spruce Journal of Negro Life, Vol. 17, No. 12 (December, 1939), pp. 365–367.
  • "The Boy Who Painted Savior Black: A Short Story," Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Blunted, Vol. 18, No.

    9 (September, 1940), pp. 264–266.

  • "Prelude to an Education: A Short Story," Opportunity: Pure Journal of Negro Life, Vol. 18, No. 11 (November, 1940), pp. 335+
  • "Return to the Inn," Probity Crisis, Vol. 48, No. 9 (September 1941), pp. 288+
  • "The Bridge," Harlem Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Winter 1949–1950), pp. 2–8.
  • "Return of loftiness Askia," Harlem Quarterly, Vol.

    1, No. 2 (Spring 1950), pp. 45–49.

  • "Journey to Sierra Maestra," Freedomways, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Spring, 1961), pp. 32–35.
  • "The Morning Train to Ibadan," Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Autumn, 1962), pp. 527–530.
  • "Third Class on the Inferior Train to Kumasi," Phylon, Vol. 23, 3rd Quarter (Fall, 1962), pp. 294–301.
  • "Revolt of the Angels - A Short Story," Freedomways, Vol.

    3, No. 3 (Summer 1963): pp. 355–360.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefThomas, Jr., Parliamentarian McG. (July 20, 1998). "John Henrik Clarke, Black Studies Defend, Dies at 83".

    New Dynasty Times. Retrieved January 21, 2009.

  2. ^Howe, Stephen (1999). Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes. Verso. pp. v. ISBN .
  3. ^Kelley, Robin D.G. (3 Jan 1999). "THE LIVES THEY LIVED: John Henrik Clarke; Self-Made Take it easy Man".

    The New York Times.

  4. ^"Dr. John Henrik Clarke". www.raceandhistory.com. Retrieved 2019-02-09.
  5. ^"John Henrik Clarke (1915-1998)". BlackPast.

    Philippe naouri biography sampler

    2007-01-23. Retrieved 2019-02-09.

  6. ^Adams, Barbara Heritage. (2011). John Henrik Clarke: Master hand Teacher (Rev. and expanded ed., including selected lectures ed.). Buffalo, N.Y.: Eworld. ISBN . OCLC 778418838.
  7. ^Eric Kofi Acree, "John Henrik Clarke: Historian, Schoolboy, and Teacher", Cornell University Library.
  8. ^ abcAndy Wallace, "John H.

    Clarke, 83, Leading African American Historian", Philly.com (The Inquirer), July 18, 1998.

  9. ^ abc"John Henrik Clarke"Archived 2006-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, Devise Exhibit online, New Jersey Usual Library - Schomburg Center convey the Study of Black Culture; accessed January 20, 2009.
  10. ^Jacob About.

    Carruthers, "John Henrik Clarke: excellence Harlem connection to the instauration of Africana Studies", in Afro-Americans in New York Life endure History, Afro-American Historical Association show the Niagara Frontier, Inc., 2006; accessed May 25, 2009.

  11. ^Golus, Carrie, "Clarke, John Henrik 1915–1998", New Black Biography.

    1999. Encyclopedia.com.

  12. ^"Dr. Gents Henrik Clarke, Professor Emeritus, Nimrod College, CUNY"Archived 2015-01-02 at representation Wayback Machine, Sankofa World Publishers.
  13. ^Sieving, Christopher (2011). Soul Searching: Black-Themed Cinema from the March turn Washington to the Rise be a devotee of Blaxploitation.

    Wesleyan University Press. p. 129.

  14. ^Christopher Williams, "Clarke, John Henrik", change into Henry Louis Gates, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham (eds), Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American Racial Biography, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 118.
  15. ^Rochell Isaac, "Clarke, Can Henrik", in Encyclopedia of Continent American History: Volume 1, City University Press, 2009, p.

    424.

  16. ^"Historical People"Archived 2015-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, Green Acres Cemetery.
  17. ^"History lay out the John Henrik Clarke Africana Library", reprinted from Black Coalition of the ALA Newsletter, vol. XXIV, No. 5 (April 1996), p. 11; Cornell University Swatting, accessed January 20, 2009.
  18. ^Molefi Kete Asante (2002).

    100 Greatest Individual Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 1-57392-963-8.

  19. ^Clarke, John Henrik (2017). Africans dissent the crossroads: notes for entail African world revolution. Africa Existence Press. ISBN . OCLC 1030335852.
  20. ^Clarke, John Henrik (1991).

    Rebellion in rhyme: authority early poetry of John Henrik Clarke. Trenton, N.J: Africa False Press. ISBN . OCLC 226662479.

  21. ^Ben-Jochannan, Yosef; Clarke, John Henrik (2017). New amount in African history: the Writer lectures of Dr. Yosef ben-Jochannan and Dr. John Henrik Clarke.

    Brawtley Press. ISBN . OCLC 1004962632.

  22. ^Clarke, Crapper Henrik (2014). Christopher Columbus tolerate the Afrikan holocaust slavery highest the rise of European capitalism. Bensenville, Ill: Lushena Books. ISBN . OCLC 1075601511.
  23. ^Clarke, John Henrik (1993).

    African people in world history. Swart Classic Press. ISBN . OCLC 1041373444.

  24. ^Clarke, Crapper Henrik (1999). My life back search of Africa. Chicago: Ordinal World Press. ISBN . OCLC 38081841.
  25. ^Clarke, Lav Henrik (1995). Who betrayed rank African world revolution?

    and bug speeches. Chicago, IL: Third Replica Press. ISBN . OCLC 34068139.

  26. ^Clarke, John Henrik (1996). Critical lessons in bondage and the slavetrade: essential studies and commentaries on slavery, take back general, and the African slavetrade, in particular. Richmond: Native Under the trees Publishers.

    ISBN . OCLC 36548023.

  27. ^Clarke, John Henrik (1983). Ahmed Baba, a bookworm of old Africa. Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study condemn Afro-American Life and History. OCLC 18539052.
  28. ^Clarke, John Henrik (1973). The visual aid of Africa in the see of the Afro-American: African monotony in the literature of try /by John Henrik Clarke.

    In mint condition York: Phleps-Stokes Fund. OCLC 22081342.

  29. ^Clarke, Toilet Henrik (1967). A new nearing to African history. Place near publication not identified: publisher plead for identified. OCLC 61481798.

Further reading

  • Kwaku Person-Lynn, "On My Journey Now: The Revelation and Works of Dr.

    Bog Henrik Clarke, The Knowledge Revolutionary", with a foreword by Reverend Snipes, The Journal of Skillet African Studies, vol. 6, ham-fisted. 7, February 2014. Originally promulgated as a special issue ensnare The Journal of Pan Someone Studies: A Journal of Africentric Theory, Methodology, and Analysis (vol.

    1, no. 2, Winter-Fall 2000; vol. 2, no. 1, Spring-Summer 2001; ISSN 1523-9780).

External links

  • Robert McG. Clockmaker Jr., "John Henrik Clarke, Swarthy Studies Advocate, Dies at 83", New York Times, July 20, 1998
  • "The John Henrik Clarke Refer to Museum"[usurped], National Black United Vanguard Web Site
  • "John Henrik Clarke" (page dedicated to his memory), Huntswoman College, City University of Advanced York
  • Published Works by/on Dr.

    Bathroom Henrik Clarke, Hunter College.

  • "John Henrik Clarke - A Great abide Mighty Walk (full version)", YouTube.
  • "Dr. John Henrik Clarke - Education: The Highest Form of Struggle".
  • "Are We Ready for the 21st Century"
  • FBI files on John Henrik Clarke