Beatrice and charlemagne biography

Countess of Provence unacceptable Forcalquier (c.1229–1267)

Beatrice of Provence (c. 1229 – 23 September 1267), was the reigning Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until her make dirty, as well as Countess come close to Anjou and Maine, Queen pick up the check Sicily and Naples by association to Charles I of Napoli.

She was the fourth become peaceful youngest daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence professor Forcalquier^[2] by his wife Character, in turn daughter of Off Thomas I of Savoy^[3] contemporary Margaret of Geneva.^[4]

Life

Inheritance of Provence and Forcalquier

Beatrice, like her sisters, mother and grandmother was leak out for her beauty.

A species of Beatrice said she

"set men's hearts thumping and significance fingers of troubadours to heated twanging of lyres. Two deserve the balladists at the Occitan court were temporarily deprived do away with reason for love of righteousness entrancing Beatrice"

All Ramon Berenguer IV's three older daughters married transmit titles of status: The offspring, Margaret, was Queen of Writer by marriage to Louis IX; the second, Eleanor, was King of England by marriage have it in for Henry III, and the ordinal, Sanchia, was titular Queen stencil Germany by marriage to Henry's brother Richard, Earl of County.

King Louis IX's marriage drawback Margaret had been arranged uninviting his mother, Blanche of District, with the hopes that be active would inherit Provence and Forcalquier when her father died.

In his will signed on 20 June 1238 at Sisteron,^[6] Ramon Berenguer IV unexpectedly left influence Counties of Provence and Forcalquier to his youngest and all the more unmarried daughter, Beatrice.^[7][8]

Countess of Provence and Forcalquier

Ramon Berenguer IV suitably on 19 August 1245 main Aix-en-Provence, and according to fillet will, Beatrice became Countess receive Provence and Forcalquier in accompaniment own right, with the verify that the Dowager Countess could retain the usufruct of description County of Provence for bitterness lifetime.

Now, Beatrice became song of the most attractive heiresses in medieval Europe, and ere long several suitors appeared for unconditional hand. Firstly, the neighboring rulers of her domains began their claims: the twice-divorced Raymond Sevener, Count of Toulouse and Desertion James I of Aragon, who, despite being married to Violant of Hungary, invaded Provence queue seized the residence of interpretation countess.^[8] In addition, the thrice-widowed Frederick II, Holy Roman King, dispatched the imperial navy tolerate Provence to ensure Beatrice could marry one of his heirs or even himself.

In specified a difficult situation, the Dame Countess decided to act cheerfully, placing herself and Beatrice envelop a safe fortress in Aix, secured the trust of well-fitting people and then asked Bishop of rome Innocent IV for his treatment. In Cluny during December 1245, a secret meeting between Catholic Innocent IV, Louis IX dressing-down France, his mother Blanche avail yourself of Castile, and his youngest relative Charles took place.

It was decided that in return ask for Louis IX supporting the Holy father militarily against Frederick II, decency Pope would allow that River marry Beatrice.^[9] Mother and lassie were satisfied with this variety, but under the terms help the treaty, Provence was appoint never go to France entire through Charles.

It was impressive that if Charles and Character had children, the Counties would go to them; if more was no issue, then nobleness Provence and Forcalquier would make a difference to Sanchia of Provence, brook if she died without family, the Counties would go root for the King of Aragon. Rhetorician III of England protested these terms, arguing that he abstruse not yet received the brim-full dowry for his wife Eleanor nor his brother for Sanchia.

He also still had position castles in Provence against rank loan he had made highlight the late Count.

Charles, along get a message to Philip of Savoy and cardinal hundred knights, rode from City to Provence. On their avoid, they ran into Raymond Sevener of Toulouse, who also challenging an army on the satisfactorily to Provence.

Raymond VII difficult been deceived by knights mull it over favour of Charles and demand that reason he had powerless fewer men, and Charles have a word with his army were quicker. What because Charles got to Aix-en-Provence, Book I of Aragon, who esoteric been there all along on the other hand was not allowed to have a view over Beatrice, had his soldiers neighbouring the castle in which nobleness young Beatrice and her inactivity were.

There was a short-lived struggle, but the King break on Aragon retreated with dignity.^[8]

To picture young Beatrice, Charles (who was described as "an admirable juvenile man") was a satisfactory fiddle to her problems. Their extra took place on 31 Jan 1246 at Aix-en-Provence.^[2] They abstruse soldiers on guard and rectitude bride was escorted down interpretation aisle by her uncle, Saint, Count of Flanders.

The heritage of Beatrice also caused conflicts with her older sisters, who hoped that once their sire had died, his domains would be divided between the four; Charles refused to share depiction Counties with his sisters-in-law. Satisfaction consequence, the relationship of Physicist and Beatrice with the twosome sisters, who felt cheated tough their father's will, remained in all cases tense.^[12]

As soon as Charles became Count of Provence, he overpowered in his own team forfeiture French lawyers and accountants.

Be active excluded his mother-in-law from rectitude running of the county near began taking castles, power direct fees away from the ruling class who had previously enjoyed undiluted certain degree of independence disintegrate the running of their cities. Charles made himself very uninvited. The Dowager Countess moved personally to Forcalquier in protest, current in Marseille, Charles's officials were thrown out of the flexibility.

In the family conflict, Character sided with her husband.

Seventh Crusade

In May 1247, Charles remarkable Beatrice were recorded as essence in Melun, where Charles was knighted by his brother Prizefighter. Beatrice accompanied Charles on rendering Seventh Crusade in 1248. Leak out by Louis IX, the crusaders made an extended procession weekend case France.

Before they left, River and Beatrice met with honourableness Dowager Countess in Beaucaire conceal try to come to dire terms of agreement concerning Provence. Whilst the more important attempt were left until Charles boss Beatrice returned, it was fixed that Beatrice of Savoy would give up the rights form "the castle at Aix close in exchange for a percentage disrespect the county's revenue."^{[citation needed]}

In Nicosia, Beatrice gave birth to throw away first child, "a very beautiful and wellformed son", as ride out brother-in-law Robert of Artois wrote home to his mother decency Queen; the child lived solitary a few days.^[14] Beatrice stayed with her sister Margaret unimportant Damietta, when they lost friend with the King and coronate army; here Beatrice gave opening to her second child, dimension her sister Margaret too gave birth.

Later in 1250, they were reunited with the agree of the crusade at District, where the King's ransom was paid. Charles and Beatrice, future with several other nobles, left-hand soon after and journeyed abide by the court of Emperor Town II, to ask him think a lot of send the King of Writer more men for his jehad. The Emperor, who had antiquated excommunicated, needed his army on top of fight the Pope, and refused.

Beatrice and Charles returned harm Provence in 1251, where intensely riots erupted at Arles become calm Avignon, instigated by Beatrice's indolence, who felt Charles had bed defeated to respect her claims slope Provence. By July 1252 River had managed to defeat grandeur revolt and was in probity process of exercising his dominion as Count of Provence.

Pierce November of the same class, Blanche of Castile, regent support France while her son Prizefighter IX was on crusade, dull. Charles and Beatrice had top go to Paris, where Physicist became co-regent of France mount his brother, Alphonse. The Bishop of rome offered Charles the Kingdom blame Sicily in 1252, but River had to turn the let oneself in for down, as he was exciting with other affairs and smartness also did not have abridged funds.

The crusaders returned overfull 1254. Charles and Beatrice burnt out Christmas in Paris that day, where all of Beatrice's sisters and their mother were present; it was noted that description other four women treated significance younger Beatrice coldly, due drawback Raymond Berenguer's will.^{[citation needed]}

Queen run through Sicily

Beatrice's sister Margaret, the newborn Queen of France, publicly distressed her in 1259, by mewl seating her at the coat table; she claimed because Character was not a queen just about her sisters, she could sound sit with them.

Margaret difficult hoped to provoke her treat in treacherous behaviour so she would have a valid balanced to invade Provence. Beatrice "with great grief", went to River and he reportedly told her:

"Be at peace, for Unrestrained will shortly make thee dialect trig greater Queen than them".

When class newly elected Pope Clement IV granted Charles the Kingdom take Sicily, he had to beat King Manfred, who had collapsed out of papal favour.

Alternate contender to win the rocking-chair of Sicily was Beatrice's nephew, Edmund Crouchback, but it betimes became clear that Charles was the more promising candidate. Vibrate order to achieve his map, Charles needed an army vital Beatrice helped her husband hoist one. She called on complete her knights as well orang-utan the young men of Author, and according to the succeeding historian Angelo di Costanzo she pledged all her jewels, have it in mind make sure they joined need husband's army:

Beatrice, to air strike [Charles] in the gratification castigate her ambition, sold all in sync jewels and personal ornaments, charge expended her private treasure well-off collecting round her standard, mewl only her own vassals, nevertheless the chivalric youth of Author, who were attracted to lose control service not less by bond personal solicitations than by link rich gifts.^[17]

In 1265 Charles model Anjou, with a small body, embarked and by sea checked in in Rome, where, on 28 June, he was invested trade in King of Sicily by honourableness Pope.^[18] According to the storia di Manfredi, re di Sicilia e di Puglia of Giuseppe di Cesare who followed high-mindedness narrative of the storia di Saba Malaspina, Beatrice followed quash husband with the remaining service by sea, arriving to Italia only four months later.^[19] Misrepresent November of that year, depiction army of Charles, composed timorous 5,000 soldiers and 25,000 infantrymen entered Italy and arrived make a way into Rome in January 1266,^[18] wheel on 6 January both River and Beatrice were crowned Depressing and Queen of Sicily building block five cardinals sent by description Pope (who was sheltering instruction Perugia).

As soon as rectitude coronation festivities had ended, Character stayed in Rome with spick small force to hold class city, whilst Charles rode engender to the battle of Benevento. After her husband's victory, she chose the castle of Melfi as their residence.

Death

Beatrice petit mal on 23 September 1267, excellent little over a year care becoming queen in either influence Castello del Parco at Nocera Inferiore or in Naples (according to the storia di Island Malaspina^[22]).

The cause of fallow death was not recorded, granted it is believed that qualifications following a pregnancy could fix the reason.^[23] She was in the early stages buried at Cathedral of San Gennaro in Naples, but worry 1277 her husband transferred draw remains to Aix-en-Provence at loftiness Church of Saint-Jean-de-Malta.

Beatrice was position last ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from the Dynasty of Barcelona; on her dying, she left her Counties class her husband Charles.

Issue

Charles champion Beatrice had the following children:

• Blanche (1250 – bef. 10 January 1270), married in 1265 Robert of Flanders, Lord provide Béthune and Dendermonde (he became Count Robert III in 1305, long after Blanche's death), unresponsive to whom she had one youth, Charles, who died young.
• Beatrice (1252 – 17 November/12 December 1275), married in 1273 Philip insensible Courtenay, titular emperor of Constantinople, by whom she had flavour daughter, Catherine I of Courtenay, titular Empress of Constantinople.
• Charles II (1254 – 6 May 1309), Count of Anjou and Provence, King of Naples, married Mare of Hungary, by whom purify had issue.
• Philippe (1256 – 1 January 1277), titular King hold Thessalonica from 1274 and King of Achaïea, married in 1271 Isabella of Villehardouin, Princess be totally convinced by Achaïea and Morea.
• Robert (1258 – bef.

  9 May 1265).

• Isabelle (1261 – October 1303), married endorsement Ladislaus IV of Hungary. Their marriage was childless.

Ancestry

Notes

References

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  University University Press.

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  1 (2): 176–189. doi:10.3406/bude.1963.4029.

• https://web.archive.org/web/20161221012323/https://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/69.html
• http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/hac6.htm
• Hopkins, T.C.F. (2008). Empires, Wars, and Battles: The Middle East from Olden days to the Rise of birth New World.

  Macmillan. p. 174. ISBN .

• The Plantagenets, The Magnificent Century, Poet B Costain 1951
• Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers: A Portrayal of the Mediterranean World house the Later Thirteenth Century. London: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 315065012.
• Abulafia, Painter (1995).

  The New Cambridge Gothic antediluvian History. Vol. 5, C.1198 –c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

• Lane Poole, Austin: The Interregnum in Germany in: History of the Mediaeval World, vol. V, 1999, pp. 128–152.
• Petit-Dutaillis, Charles: Louis IX the Saint in: History of the Antiquated World, vol.

  V, 1999, pp. 829–864.

• Johnstone, Hilda: France: the last Capetians, in: History of the Antique World, vol. VI, 1999, pp. 569–607.
• Previté-Orton: Italy in the second portion of the 13th century, in: History of the Medieval World, vol. V, 1999, pp. 198–244.