Hasan kleib biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For extra uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For high-mindedness troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination strong gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th Horseman Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – Apr 15, 1865) was the Ordinal president of the United States, serving from 1861 until consummate assassination in 1865.

He vivacious the United States through goodness American Civil War, defending distinction nation as a constitutional agreement, defeating the Confederacy, playing splendid major role in the dying out ofslavery, expanding the power reproach the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in organized log cabin in Kentucky, promote was raised on the border, mainly in Indiana.

He was self-educated and became a legal practitioner, Whig Party leader, Illinois realm legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Algonquin. In 1849, he returned necessitate his successful law practice ton Springfield, Illinois. In 1854, exasperated by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to thraldom, he re-entered politics.

He any minute now became a leader of prestige new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in influence 1858 Senate campaign debates desecrate Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, universal the North to gain dismay. Pro-slavery elements in the Southward viewed his election as capital threat to slavery, and Meridional states began seceding from integrity nation.

They formed the Supporter States of America, which began seizing federal military bases tag on the South. A little at an end one month after Lincoln undeclared the presidency, Confederate forces studied Fort Sumter, a U.S. belfry in South Carolina. Following justness bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces cause somebody to suppress the rebellion and return the union.

Lincoln, a indignation Republican, had to navigate natty contentious array of factions letter friends and opponents from both the Democratic and Republican parties. His allies, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, called for harsh treatment of the Grey Confederates. He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual bad blood, carefully distributing political patronage, person in charge by appealing to the English people.

Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, and some miles apart pro-Confederate elements went so backwoods as to plot his obloquy. His Gettysburg Address became get someone on the blower of the most famous speeches in American history. Lincoln ad as a group supervised the strategy and speech in the war effort, together with the selection of generals, dowel implemented a naval blockade reveal the South's trade.

He loose habeas corpus in Maryland instruction elsewhere, and he averted fighting with Britain by defusing grandeur Trent Affair. In 1863, smartness issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared the slaves in picture states "in rebellion" to affront free. It also directed honourableness Army and Navy to "recognize and maintain the freedom wages said persons" and to accept them "into the armed help of the United States." President pressured border states to prohibit slavery, and he promoted integrity Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, exclude as punishment for a offence. Lincoln managed his own come off re-election campaign. He sought save heal the war-torn nation produce results reconciliation. On April 14, 1865, just five days after significance Confederate surrender at Appomattox, unwind was attending a play advocate Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Mary, considering that he was fatally shot mass Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Counter.

Lincoln is remembered chimp a martyr and a official hero for his wartime hold and for his efforts control preserve the Union and lessen slavery. He is often rank in both popular and profound polls as the greatest top dog in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life gleam career of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child of Clockmaker Lincoln and Nancy Hanks President, in a log cabin early payment Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a offspring of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, City, to its namesake, Hingham, Colony, in 1638. The family corner subsequent generations migrated west, brief through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, queue Virginia. Lincoln was also calligraphic descendant of the Harrison of Virginia; his paternal old stager and namesake, Captain Abraham Lawyer and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the family from Colony to Jefferson County, Kentucky.^[b] Justness captain was killed in undecorated Indian raid in 1786.

Culminate children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Socialist then worked at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee earlier the family settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the absolutely 1800s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lincoln assessment widely assumed to be rendering daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Socialist and Nancy married on June 12, 1806, in Washington District, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Wife, Abraham, and Thomas, who properly as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln acquisitive multiple farms in Kentucky, however could not get clear belongings titles to any, losing graduate of acres of land harvest property disputes.

In 1816, glory family moved to Indiana, disc the land surveys and laurels were more reliable. They still in an "unbroken forest" regulate Little Pigeon Creek Community, Cyclone Township, Perry County, Indiana. As the Lincolns moved to Indiana it had just been avowed to the Union as unornamented "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except rove, though "no new enslaved give out were allowed, ...

currently downtrodden individuals remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", however mainly due to land inscription difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a yeoman, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At diverse times he owned farms, neat, and town lots, paid duty, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were men and women of a Separate Baptist Sanctuary, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, talk, horse racing, and dancing." First of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in 1827 obtained clear title to 80 acres (32 ha) in Indiana, necessitate area that became known orang-utan Little Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Nancy President died from milk sickness, dying 11-year-old Sarah in charge take in a household including her pa, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Stand in for years later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while discordant birth to a stillborn phenomenon, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, 1819, Thomas married Sarah Bush General, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children of move together own. Abraham became close interrupt his stepmother and called overcome "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said purify was lazy, for all empress "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother professional he did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education and move to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated. His formal teaching was from itinerant teachers.

Tightfisted included two short stints wrench Kentucky, where he learned dispense read, but probably not run into write. In Indiana at hour seven, due to farm chores, he attended school only seldom, for a total of few than 12 months in conglomerate by age 15. Nonetheless, let go remained an avid reader courier retained a lifelong interest cranium learning.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that his readings star the King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Attorney was the recipient of gratuitous degrees later in life, with an honorary Doctor of Register from Columbia University in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a youthful, his "father grew more pole more to depend on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to deduct the family afloat.

He too regularly hired his son loss to work ... and strong law, he was entitled put your name down everything the boy earned during he came of age". President was tall, strong, and husky, and became adept at somewhere to live an ax.

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He was an active fighter during his youth and bestow in the rough catch-as-catch-can design (also known as catch wrestling). He became county wrestling encouragement at the age of 21.^[39] He gained a reputation plump for his strength and audacity tail winning a wrestling match narrow the renowned leader of ruffians known as the Clary's Copse boys.

In March 1830, fearing on the subject of milk sickness outbreak, several branchs of the extended Lincoln cover, including Abraham, moved west blame on Illinois, a free state, leading settled in Macon County.^[e] Patriarch then became increasingly distant running off Thomas, in part, due round on his father's lack of concern in education.

In 1831, variety Thomas and other family affiliates prepared to move to trim new homestead in Coles Colony, Illinois, Abraham struck out discard his own. He made rulership home in New Salem, Algonquin, for six years. Lincoln station some friends took goods, containing live hogs, by flatboat pay homage to New Orleans, Louisiana, where yes first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health declining Abraham Lincoln, and Sexuality be expeditious for Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first fictitious interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he sham to New Salem.

However, bystander testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack of any explicit recollection of a romance amidst the two.^[47] Rutledge died confession August 25, 1835, most impend of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death very hard, byword that he could not vocalize the idea of rain cursive on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into a serious episode oust depression, and this gave encompass to speculation that he confidential been in love with her.^[49][50]

In the early 1830s, he fall down Mary Owens from Kentucky. Mass in 1836, Lincoln agreed lock a match with Owens assuming she returned to New City. Owens arrived that November illustrious he courted her; however, they both had second thoughts.

Complacency August 16, 1837, he wrote Owens a letter saying subside would not blame her in case she ended the relationship, put up with she never replied.

In 1839, Lawyer met Mary Todd in Massachusetts, Illinois, and the following harvest they became engaged. She was the daughter of Robert Mormon Todd, a wealthy lawyer esoteric businessman in Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was set crave January 1, 1841, was canceled because Lincoln did not materialize, but they reconciled and united on November 4, 1842, access the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing put the nuptials, he was recognizance where he was going gleam replied, "To hell, I suppose".

In 1844, the couple money-oriented a house in Springfield close to his law office.

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Mary held house with the help hillock a hired servant and unembellished relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate keep and father of four successors, though his work regularly engaged him away from home. Loftiness eldest, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in 1843, and was the only child to physical to maturity. Edward Baker Attorney (Eddie), born in 1846, mindnumbing February 1, 1850, probably pay the bill tuberculosis.

Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on Dec 21, 1850, and died elaborate a fever at the Bloodless House on February 20, 1862. The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Attorney, was born on April 4, 1853, and survived his father confessor, but died of heart failing at age 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably loving of children" and the Lincolns were not considered to continue strict with their own.

Pull fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow sensitive when Lincoln brought his descendants to the law office. Their father, it seemed, was oftentimes too absorbed in his run away with to notice his children's restraint. Herndon recounted, "I have change many and many a adjourn that I wanted to pull their little necks, and even out of respect for President I kept my mouth close.

Lincoln did not note what his children were doing be remorseful had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie difficult to understand profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", pure condition now thought to put pen to paper clinical depression.^[49] Later in authenticated, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband see sons, and in 1875 Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and career type Abraham Lincoln and Abraham Lawyer in the Black Hawk War

During 1831 and 1832, Lincoln mannered at a general store get New Salem, Illinois.

In 1832, he declared his candidacy agreeable the Illinois House of Representatives, but interrupted his campaign hinder serve as a captain coerce the Illinois Militia during nobility Black Hawk War. When Lawyer returned home from the Caliginous Hawk War, he planned involve become a blacksmith, but in preference to formed a partnership with 21-year-old William Berry, with whom operate purchased a New Salem usual store on credit.

Because neat license was required to barter customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each imply Lincoln and himself, and importance 1833 the Lincoln-Berry General Depot became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln with the addition of Berry were able to exchange spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of intoxicating beverages as well as sustenance, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was many a time too drunk to work, countryside Lincoln ended up running picture store by himself.^[65] Although probity economy was booming, the sudden struggled and went into due, causing Lincoln to sell rulership share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first getupandgo speech after returning from diadem military service, Lincoln observed efficient supporter in the crowd out of the sun attack, grabbed the assailant fail to notice his "neck and the base of his trousers", and rough him.

In the campaign, Lawyer advocated for navigational improvements evaluate the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a anecdotalist, but lacked the requisite nonflexible education, powerful friends, and impoverishment, and lost the election.^[66] Lawyer finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received 277 of the 300 votes hallmark in the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as county surveyor, but continued his voracious account and decided to become undiluted lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying meticulous the office of an implanted attorney, as was the wont, Lincoln borrowed legal texts overrun attorneys John Todd Stuart instruction Thomas Drummond, purchased books containing Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law on crown own.^[68] He later said assert his legal education that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state council (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state house getupandgo in 1834, this time orang-utan a Whig, was a come next over a powerful Whig contestant.

Then followed his four price in the Illinois House show consideration for Representatives for Sangamon County. Pacify championed construction of the Algonquian and Michigan Canal, and subsequent was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] Be active voted to expand suffrage ancient history white landowners to all chalk-white males, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both serfdom and abolition.

In 1837, oversight declared, "[The] Institution of vassalage is founded on both calamity and bad policy, but goodness promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase than diminish its evils." He echoed Physicist Clay's support for the Dweller Colonization Society which advocated far-out program of abolition in union with settling freed slaves cloudless Liberia.

He was admitted to magnanimity Illinois bar on September 9, 1836,^[77] and moved to Massachusetts and began to practice protocol under John T.

Stuart, Action Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged despite the fact that a formidable trial combatant close to cross-examinations and closing arguments. Smartness partnered several years with Author T. Logan, and in 1844, began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, 1838, Abraham President, then 28 years old, unchain his first major speech contest the Lyceum in Springfield, Algonquin, after the murder of paper editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy quandary Alton.

Lincoln warned that ham-fisted trans-Atlantic military giant could day in crush the U.S. as orderly nation. "It cannot come take the stones out of abroad. If destruction be communiquй lot, we must ourselves well its author and finisher", aforesaid Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, trial run April 28, 1836, a grimy man, Francis McIntosh, was tempered alive in St.

Louis, River. Zann Gill describes how these two murders set off capital chain reaction that ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln to run assimilate President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True to his record, Lincoln supposed to friends in 1861 difficulty be "an old line Politico, a disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic invention in banking, tariffs to pool internal improvements including railroads, reprove urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought authority Whig nomination for Illinois's Ordinal district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by John J. Hardin, though he prevailed with greatness party in limiting Hardin address one term.

Lincoln not nonpareil pulled off his strategy realize gaining the nomination in 1846, but also won the option. He was the only Pol in the Illinois delegation, nevertheless as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes gain made speeches that toed birth party line. He was fixed to the Committee on Take care Office and Post Roads suffer the Committee on Expenditures drop the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings union a bill to abolish thrall in the District of University with compensation for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote hook the matter. He dropped loftiness bill when it eluded Pol support.^[