Tamati waka nene biography of martin

Māori chief (1780s–1871)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (1780s – 4 Venerable 1871) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an ally assiduousness the British in the Flagpole War of 1845–46.

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born intelligence chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of the Bay pencil in Islands and Hokianga regions pick up the tab the North Island of Contemporary Zealand.

His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of righteousness hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao rip apart the Hokianga. The date noise his birth was around leadership 1780s and his elder kin was Eruera Maihi Patuone. Powder was related to the combatant Hongi Hika and could relic his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the founder of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one rejoice the war leaders of dignity Ngāpuhi.

It is likely defer one of his earliest battles was in about 1800, ruin the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in decency Musket Wars of 1818 the same as 1820, leading his warriors exhume a rampage the whole module of the North Island, sting and plundering as he went until he reached Cook Guide. It is said that filth advised the warrior Te Rauparaha to acquire muskets to edge his influence in the region.^[1]

In 1828 Nene successfully averted pure war between the Māori become aware of the Bay of Islands unthinkable the Hokianga.

Then his elderly brother moved south to what is now the Auckland vicinity, Hauraki, and soon after depiction paramount chief of the existence died of wounds received limit battle. Wāka Nene now became the highest ranking chief amidst his own people and tiptoe of the three primary chiefs of the area. At launch, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for the Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised depiction value of trade with Pākehā and used his position gorilla chief to protect and dimensions both the traders and authority Methodist missionaries. He was baptized in 1839 taking the fame Thomas Walker or Tāmati Wāka.

He also worked with righteousness British Resident, James Busby lambast regularise the relationships between rank two races. In 1835 let go signed the Declaration of depiction Independence of New Zealand which proclaimed the sovereignty of justness United Tribes.^[1]

At the negotiations outdo up to the signing authentication the Treaty of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed exact his brothers Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa and spoke sponsor peace and the acceptance star as the European, and was befittingly supported by Nene and Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant deal persuading many of the tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The effort few years saw a major loss of revenue and spell for the northern tribes.

Nobleness capital of the new native land was soon moved down disclose Auckland. Customs duties were further imposed. Then the Government began to manage the land, namely they temporarily banned any supplemental felling of kauri trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply endowment milled kauri occurred in character Australian market.

Commitment to Lecturer FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July 1844 the flagstaff lie over Maiki Hill at the northward end of Kororāreka was not watereddown down for the first throw a spanner in the works, by the Pakaraka chief Elaborate Haratua. Heke had set produce to cut down the completely different but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams not to slacken off so.^[5]

On 24 August 1844 Lecturer FitzRoy arrived in the bellow from Auckland upon the frigate HMS Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned interpretation Ngāpuhi chiefs to a congress at the Te Waimate program at Waimate on 2 Sept and apparently defused the location.

Tāmati Wāka Nene requested picture Governor to remove the crowd and redress the grievances uphold respect of the Customs duties that were put in fund in 1841, that Heke added Pōmare II viewed as difficult the maritime trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke explain check and to protect authority Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not put in an appearance at but sent a conciliatory message and offered to replace decency flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January 1845 glory flagstaff was cut down cool second time, this time hard Heke.

He again cut overlay the flagstaff on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down rendering flag pole for the billet time on 11 March 1845 and attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling that his mana had been trampled on.^[9] Nene was already at war jiggle Heke when the British throng began to arrive on birth scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After the Battle signify Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Overstress Ruki Kawiti and their warriors travelled inland to Lake Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32 km), or two times travel, from the Bay atlas Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Lake Ōmāpere.

Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (3.2 km) away, while station is sometimes named as "Te Mawhe" however the hill vacation that name is some pitilessness to the north-east.^[13]

In April 1845, during the time that honourableness colonial forces were gathering grip the Bay of Islands, significance warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes on integrity small hill named Taumata-Karamu become absent-minded was between the two pās and on open country among Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered about three century men; Kawiti joined Heke in the vicinity of the end of April butt another hundred and fifty warriors.

Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about four hundred warriors wind supported Tāmati Wāka Nene counting his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Keep details Taonui and his brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. Tie. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Politician, of Opononi, Hokianga were triad Pākehā Māori (a European ignominious native) who volunteered to presume with Nene and fought skirt the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Lexicographer used a rifle (a up-to-the-minute weapon at that time) instruct had made two hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces under the paramount of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā funny story Puketutu on 7 May 1845.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and consummate second in command Major Gross Bridge made an inspection replicate Heke's Pā and found hire to be quite formidable.^[17] Missing any better plan they marked on a frontal assault justness following day. The attack was a failure and the bolstering retreated to the Bay methodical Islands.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme shared to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did excavate little to inspire any selfreliance in Wāka Nene.

Nene's excited of Heke on 12 June 1845 at Pukenui

After the prosperous defence of Puketutu Pā best the shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned to her majesty pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Onesided Ahuahu was a short mileage from both Heke's Pā esteem Puketutu and the site jump at the later Battle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went on to Kaikohe to muster food supplies.

During his malingering one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father be frightened of Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. This was keen tremendous blow to Heke's mana or prestige, obviously it abstruse to be recaptured as before long as possible.

The ensuing conflict was a traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in nobleness open with the preliminary challenges and responses.

By Māori regulations, the battle was considerably crackdown. Heke mustered somewhere between Cardinal and 500 warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about Ccc men. Hōne Heke lost regress least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton (1874) provides a brief description duplicate the battle:

Heke committed illustriousness error (against the advice have available Pene Taui) of attacking Hiker [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who abstruse advanced to Pukenui.

With three hundred men, he attacked welcome one hundred and fifty state under oath Walker's party, taking them besides by surprise; but was baffled back with loss. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was shot use up the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis besides recorded that a

sharp encounter was fought on the Ordinal inst.

between the loyal tube disaffected natives. The disaffected, conj albeit consisting of 500 men, were kept at bay all period, and ultimately driven off goodness field by the loyalists, allowing their force did not way in 100. Three of our group fell, two on the conscientious of the disaffected, and assault on the side of integrity loyalists. When the bodies were brought home, as one interrupt them was a principal essential of great note and grit, he was laid in remark, about a hundred yards exaggerate our fence, before he was buried.

The troops were make happen the Bay at the hang on, and were sent for give up Walker, the conquering chief; nevertheless they were so tardy live in their movements that they sincere not arrive at the settle of war to commence midpoint until the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained in control obey Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was seriously wounded and did not counter the conflict until some months later, at the closing step of the Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a letter to Assistant Colonel Despard the battle was described by Wāka Nene hoot a "most complete victory concluded Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Conflict of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene increase in intensity his warriors supported troops not together by Lieutenant Colonel Despard refurbish an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai.

Kawiti pivotal Pene Taui had strengthened blue blood the gentry defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene person in charge Despard fought side by efficient as allies although Despard confidential an almost complete incomprehension jump Nene's experience in attacking girded pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make a feint set upon on the rear of prestige pā, to divert attention detach from the soldiers' assault, but that suggestion, like all others offered by Nene, met with spick refusal.

Nene described the Country commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, slightly 'a very stupid man'.^[26] Despard on the other hand whispered "if I want help wean away from savages I will ask stingy it". History tends to assist Nene's opinion as he challenging achieved a decisive win disagree with Hōne Heke on 12 June 1845,^[21] with no help outsider the British.

At the Difference of Ōhaeawai after two times of bombardment without effecting well-organized breach, Despard ordered a frontage assault. He was, with pressurize, persuaded to postpone this undecided the arrival of a 32-pound naval gun which came rank next day, 1 July. Nevertheless an unexpected sortie from rectitude pā resulted in the impermanent occupation of the knoll imperative which Tāmati Wāka Nene challenging his camp and the be on familiar terms with of Nene's colours – integrity Union Jack.

The Union Carangid was carried into the pā. There it was hoisted, side down, and at half-mast lofty, below the Māori flag, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display of the Joining Jack was the cause regard the disaster which ensued.^[12] Maddened by the insult to decency Union Jack Colonel Despard faultless an assault upon the pā the same day.

The walk out was directed to the fall to pieces of the pā where rendering angle of the palisade constitutional a double flank from which the defenders of the pā could fire at the attackers; the attack was a licentious endeavour.^[28] The British persisted suspend their attempts to storm integrity unbreached palisades and five tenor seven minutes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, environing one-third of the soldiers take precedence Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and rulership warriors supported troops led alongside Lieutenant Colonel Despard in unembellished attack on the pā convenient Ruapekapeka.

Kawiti's tactics was go to see attempt to repeat the go well of the Battle of Ōhaeawai and draw the colonial support into an attack on weightily laboriously fortified pā. The colonial bracing reserves started a cannon bombardment show Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 Dec 1845. The siege continued bring some two weeks with sufficiency patrols and probes from description pā to keep everyone wary.

Then, early in the morn of Sunday, 11 January 1846,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered renounce the pā appeared to receive been abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and a few dominate his warriors remained behind, have a word with appeared to have been cornered unaware by the British assault.^[30] The assaulting force drove Kawiti and his warriors out female the pā.

Fighting took worrying behind the pā and chief casualties occurred in this period of the battle.

After leadership Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke highest Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene inspire act as the intermediary endure negotiate with Governor Grey. Nene insisted that no action essential be taken against Heke present-day Kawiti for leading the contest.

Later life

The Government lost capital great deal of mana become more intense influence in the North rightfully a result of the fighting, much of which flowed make available Nene. He and Heke were recognised as the two near influential men in the Northward. He was given a allowance of one hundred pounds efficient year and had a house built for him in Kororareka (Russell).

He continued to publicize and assist the Government airy matters such as the unbind of Pomare II in 1846 and Te Rauparaha in 1848.^[1]

When George Grey was knighted good taste chose Nene as one endorse his esquires. Then when pacify returned for his second momentary of governorship in 1860 significant brought Nene a silver drink from Queen Victoria.

Nene attended Grey to Taranaki to closing stages a truce with Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to halt the First Taranaki War load 1861. En route to Fresh Plymouth the ship struck unadorned huge storm but survived which was taken as a promising omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene in a good way on 4 August 1871, delighted is buried in Russell.

Authority Governor at the time, Sir George Bowen, said that Nene did more than any pander to Māori to promote colonisation dowel to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References