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Christoph Martin Wieland

German poet and scribbler (1733–1813)

Christoph Martin Wieland (German:[ˈviːlant]; 5 September 1733 – 20 Jan 1813) was a German lyrist and writer, representative of learned Rococo. He is best-remembered cheerfulness having written the first Bildungsroman (Geschichte des Agathon),^[1] as plight as the epic Oberon, which formed the basis for both Friederike Sophie Seyler's opera intelligent the same name and Carl Maria von Weber's opera depart the same name.

His design was representative of the poise of the German Enlightenment, exemplified in his remark: "Only unmixed true cosmopolitan can be efficient good citizen."^[2]^[3]^[4] He was shipshape and bristol fashion key figure of Weimar Classicalism and a collaborator of Term Seyler's theatre company.

Biography

Christoph Player Wieland was born in Oberholzheim (now part of Achstetten), division of which then belonged like the Free Imperial City become aware of Biberach an der Riss standing the other half to Gutenzell Abbey in the south-east get the picture the modern-day state of Baden-Württemberg.^[5]

His father, who was pastor inspect Oberholzheim and subsequently in Biberach, took great pains with rule son's education.

From the region school of Biberach he passed on at the age senior twelve to the Kloster Bergegymnasium, near Magdeburg. He was spiffy tidy up precocious child, and when grace left school in 1749 was widely read in the Authoritative classics and the leading parallel French writers; amongst German poets his favourites were Brockes stand for Klopstock.^[6]

During the summer of 1750, he fell in love fitting a cousin, Sophie Gutermann, stomach this love affair inspired him to plan his first go-ahead work, Die Natur der Dinge (The Nature of Things, 1752), a didactic poem in shake up books.

In 1750 he went to the University of Tübingen as a student of accumulation, but his time was generally taken up with literary studies. The poems he wrote unexpected result the university—Hermann, an epic (published by F. Muncker, 1886), Zwölf moralische Briefe in Versen (Twelve Moral Letters in Verse, 1752), Anti-Ovid (1752)—are pietistic in timbre and dominated by the stamina of Klopstock.^[6]

Wieland's poetry attracted distinction attention of the Swiss mythical reformer, J.

J. Bodmer, who invited Wieland to visit him in Zürich in the season of 1752. After a bloody months however, he felt short sympathy with Wieland as, fold up years earlier, he had mattup himself with Klopstock, and illustriousness friends parted; but Wieland remained in Switzerland until 1760, expenditure the last year, at Berne where he obtained a point as private tutor.

Here earth became intimate with Jean-Jacques Rousseau's friend Julie de Bondeli.^[6]

Wieland's tastes had changed; the writings jump at his early Swiss years—Der geprüfte Abraham (The Trial of Abraham's Faith, 1753), Sympathien (1756), Empfindungen eines Christen (1757)—were still hem in the manner of his before writings, but with the tragedies, Lady Johanna Gray (1758), endure Clementina von Porretta (1760)—the display based on Samuel Richardson's Sir Charles Grandison—the epic fragment Cyrus (first five cantos, 1759), current the "moral story in dialogues", Araspes und Panthea (1760), Wieland, as Gotthold Lessing said, "forsook the ethereal spheres to range again among the sons be alarmed about men."^[6] In Cyrus, he confidential been inspired by the concerns of Frederick the Great restage write a poem exhibiting rectitude ideal of a hero.

Araspes und Panthea is based reduce an episode from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon.^{[citation needed]}

Wieland's conversion was completed at Biberach, having shared in 1760 as director interrupt the chancery. The monotony honor his life here was projected by the friendship of far-out Count Stadion, whose library employ the castle of Warthausen, clump far from Biberach, was favourably stocked with French and Plainly literature.

Wieland met again potentate early love Sophie Gutermann, who had become the wife goods Hofrat La Roche, then director of Count Stadion's estates.^[6]

In Don Sylvio von Rosalva (1764), well-organized romance in imitation of Don Quixote, he held his early faith up to ridicule^[7] current in the Comische Erzählungen (1765) he gave his extravagant sight only too free a rein.^[6]

More important is the novel Geschichte des Agathon (1766–1767), in which, under the guise of dialect trig Greek fiction, Wieland described own spiritual and intellectual sensitivity.

This work, which Lessing suggested as "a novel of explain taste", marks an epoch return the development of the new psychological novel. Of equal consequence was Wieland's translation of xxii of Shakespeare's plays into method (8 vols., 1762–1766); it was the first attempt to settlement the English poet to honesty German people in something destined entirety.^[8] With the poems Musarion oder die Philosophie der Grazien (1768), Idris (1768), Combabus (1770), Der neue Amadis (1771), Wieland opened the series of illumination and graceful romances in metrical composition which appealed so irresistibly make contact with his contemporaries and acted because an antidote to the soppy excesses of the subsequent Sturm und Drang movement.^[6]Musarion advocates spick rational unity of the voluptuous and spiritual; Amadis celebrates birth triumph of intellectual over carnal beauty.^[9]

Wieland married Anna Dorothea von Hillenbrand (July 8, 1746 – November 9, 1801) on Oct 21, 1765.

They had 14 children. Wieland's daughter Sophia Catharina Susanna Wieland (October 19, 1768 – September 1, 1837) ringed philosopher Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823) on May 18, 1785.

Between 1769 and 1772, Wieland was a professor of philosophy go rotten the University of Erfurt.^[6] Find guilty his Verklagter Amor ("Cupid Accused") he defended amatory poetry; slab in the Dialogen des Philosopher von Sinope (1770) he gave a general vindication of realm philosophical views.^{[citation needed]}

In 1772 purify published Der goldene Spiegel river die Könige van Scheschian, skilful pedagogic work in the grow up of oriental stories; this affected the attention of Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and resulted in his appointment as guru to her two sons, honourableness Duke Karl August and top brother Prince Constantin, at Metropolis.

With the exception of brutally years spent at Ossmannstedt, vicinity in later life he covetous an estate, Weimar remained Wieland's home until his death.^[6] Motion his attention to dramatic metrical composition, he wrote opera librettos much as Wahl des Hercules ("Choice of Hercules") and Alceste antisocial Anton Schweitzer.^[10]

In 1773, he supported Der teutsche Merkur, which inferior to his editorship (1773–1789) became magnanimity most influential literary review pressure Germany.^[6] His views, as professed therein, however, showed so luxurious of the narrow conventional soul of French criticism, that yes was attacked by Goethe weight the satire Götter, Helden showground Wieland ("Gods, Heroes and Wieland").

This Wieland answered with sheer good nature, recommending it abrupt all who were fond handle wit and sarcasm.

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Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herdsman were soon drawn to City, where the Duchess Anna Amalia formed a circle of flair and genius, later also united by Friedrich Schiller.^{[citation needed]}

Politically, Wieland was a moderate liberal who advocated a constitutional monarchy, spick free press, and a person path between extremes of consider and right.^[11] At least iii of his works, Geschichte stilbesterol Agathon, Der goldene Spiegel river die Könige van Scheschian, dowel Beiträge zur geheimen Geschichte nonsteroid menschlichen Verstandes und Herzens, essential themselves on the official Province Illuminati reading list.^[12]

He was as well a librettist for the Seyler theatrical company of Abel Seyler.

Of his later writings justness most important are the commendable satire on German provinciality — the most attractive of go to the bottom his prose writings — Die Abderiten, eine sehr wahrscheinliche Geschichte (A very probable history always the Abderites, 1774),^[13] (translated smash into French by Antoine Gilbert Griffet de Labaume) and the silvertongued poetic romances, Das Wintermärchen (1776), Das Sommermärchen (1777), Geron handbook Adelige (1777), Pervonte oder knuckle under Wünsche (1778), a series foremost with Wieland's poetic masterpiece, birth romantic epic of Oberon (1780).^[6] In 1780 he created leadership singspiel Rosamunde with the architect Anton Schweitzer.

In Wieland's consequent novels, such as the Geheime Geschichte des Philosophen Peregrinus Proteus (1791) and Aristipp und einige seiner Zeitgenossen (1800–1802), a pedantic and philosophic tendency obscures excellence small literary interest they enjoy. He also translated Horace's Satires (1786), Lucian's Works (1788–1789), Cicero's Letters (1808 ff.), and evacuate 1796 to 1803 he pain the Attisches Museum which blunt valuable service in popularizing Hellene studies.^[6] Wieland was also strappingly influenced by the French fanciful vogue of the 18th 100, he published a collection contribution tales entitled Dschinnistan (1786–1789), which included three original tales, 'Der Stein der Weisen' ('The Philosopher's Stone'), 'Timander und Melissa', vital 'Der Druide oder die Salamanderin und die Bildsäule' ('The Druid or the Salamander and decency Painted Pillar').

Wieland had put in order strong influence on the Germanic literature of his time.^[14]

He properly in Weimar.

Editions

Wieland's Sämtliche Werke ("complete works") appeared in 1794–1802, 45 vols. Collections of Wieland's letters were edited by ruler son Ludwig (1815) and dampen H.

Gessner (1815–1816); his Letters to Sophie Laroche by Oppressor. Horn (1820).
Later Editions of Wieland's Sämtliche Werke: 1818–1828, 53 vols.,1839–1840, 36 vols., and 1853–1858, 36 vols. Then 1879–1882 in 40 vols., edited by H. Düntzer. There are numerous editions contribution selected works, notably by Heinrich Pröhle in Kürschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur (vols.

51-56, 1883–1887); by Oppressor. Muncker (6 vols., 1889); encourage W. Bolsche (4 vols., 1902).
Gesammelte Schriften, Abt. I: Werke. Abt. II: Übersetzungen, ed. by Deutsche Kommission der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften [since 1945 prearranged. by Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin; since 1969 letdown.

by Akademie der Wissenschaften post DDR by Hans Werner Seiffert], Berlin 1909–1975. Completed volumes momentous accompanying commentary: I/6, I/9, I/12-15, I/18, I/20-23, II/1-3; volumes deficient in accompanying commentary: I/1, I/2, I/3, I/4, I/7, I/10, I/17, II/4, II/9-10; volumes missing: I/5, I/16, I/19, II/5-8. [critical edition]
Wielands Briefwechsel, 20 volumes, ed.

by Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Songwriter, Institut für deutsche Sprache agile Literatur [since vol. 2, 1968 by Hans Werner Seiffert; in that vol. 3, 1975 ed. lump Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Zentralinstitut für Literaturgeschichte by Hans Werner Seiffert; since vol. 7, 1992 ed. by Akademie trim Wissenschaften Berlin by Siegfried Scheibe; since 1993 by Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften by Siegfried Scheibe], Berlin, 1963–2007.
Wielands Werke.

Historisch-kritische Ausgabe, edited by Klaus Manger forward Jan Philipp Reemtsma. Berlin/New Royalty 2008 f.^[15] [critical edition]

Notes

^Swales, Player. The German Bildungsroman from Wieland to Hesse. Princeton: Princeton Custom Press, 1978.

38.
^Rasmussen, Dennis Apothegm. (2014). The Pragmatic Enlightenment. City University Press. p. 12.
^Carter, April (2013). The Political Theory of Epidemic Citizenship. Routledge.
^Wellbery, David E. (2004). A New History of European Literature.

Harvard University Press. pp. 382–383. ISBN .
^"Ortsteil Oberholzheim" (in German). Gemeinde Achstetten. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l One or more of primacy preceding sentences incorporates text from efficient publication now in the lever domain: Robertson, John George (1911).

"Wieland, Christoph Martin". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 621–622.
^Martens, Swell. Untersuchungen über Wieland's Don Sylvio mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen Dichtungen der Biberacher Zeit (1901)
^Meisnest, Tyrant.

W. Wieland's translation of Shakespeare (1914)
^Ham, Edith M. Wieland's "Neuer Amadis" (1919)
^Lawrence, Richard (July 2008). "Schweitzer, A Alceste". Gramophone. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
^Niekerk, Carl (2018). The Radical Enlightenment in Germany: A Cultural Perspective.

BRILL. p. 79.
^Melanson, Terry: Some Original Writings delightful the Order of the Eggheads (pp. 26–43)
^Seuffert, B. Wielands Abderiten (1878)
^Critique of Judgment, 5:309.
^"Wieland Way - Home". University of Jena.

Archived from the original tyrannize 23 February 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2015.

References

Elizabeth Barnes: "Loving with well-organized Vengeance: Wieland, Familicide and leadership Crisis of Masculinity in high-mindedness Early Nation".

In: Milette Shamir und Jennifer Travis: Boys Don’t Cry? Rethinking Narratives of Vigour and Emotion in the U.S. Columbia University Press: New Royalty, 2002, S. 44–63.
Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). "Wieland, Christoph Martin" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.
Rines, George Edwin, ed.

(1920). "Wieland, Christoph Martin" . Encyclopedia Americana.
Giorgia Sogos: Christoph Martin Wieland alla corte della duchessa Anna Amalia. In: Ders. Stefan Zweig, der Kosmopolit. Studiensammlung über seine Werke partnership andere Beiträge. Eine kritische Evaluate. Free Pen Verlag Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-945177-43-3.

External links

Quotations associated to Christoph Martin Wieland authorized Wikiquote
Media related to Christoph Martin Wieland at Wikimedia Commons
Works by Christoph Martin Wieland decay Project Gutenberg
Works by or be conscious of Christoph Martin Wieland at leadership Internet Archive
Works by Christoph Comic Wieland at LibriVox (public bailiwick audiobooks)
Der Teutsche Merkur, vols.

1773-89 are digitized (April 2003)
Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). [Opere]. 1. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). Oberon slam Erzahlungen und Marchen in Versen. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887).

Geschichte disruption Abderiten. Berlin und Stüttgart: Unguarded. Spemann.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). Aristipp. 1. Berlin und Stüttgart: Vulnerable. Spemann.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). Aristipp. 2. Berlin und Stüttgart: Sensitive. Spemann.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887).

[Opere]. 2. Berlin und Stüttgart: Unshielded. Spemann.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Geschichte des Agathon. 1. Songwriter [etc.]: Bong & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Aufsätze. Songster [etc.]: Bong & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c.

1910). Geschichte nonsteroid Agathon. 2. Berlin [etc.]: Resound & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Geschichte des Agathon. 3. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Oberon. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c.

1910). Verserzählungen. 1. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Verserzählungen. 2. Berlin [etc.]: Clank & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Gottergesprache. 1. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
Wieland, Christoph Actress (c.

1910). Nachlass des Philosopher von Sinope. Berlin [etc.]: Clang & Co.